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Manufacturing — CAM 3D strategies

3D strategies

A 3D strategy follows the shape of a model rather than cutting to a flat depth. There are sixteen, and they split cleanly into two jobs.

Roughing — get the material off

The part is buried in a block. Roughing removes the bulk quickly and leaves a rough approximation of the shape.

StrategyApproach
3D Adaptive ClearingConstant cutter load, deep passes — the fast, tool-friendly default
3D Pocket ClearingLevel-by-level clearing

Finishing — make the surface

The shape is roughly there; now it needs to be right. Different strategies leave different marks, and the choice is mostly about how the tool meets the surface.

StrategyBest on
ParallelSweeps in one direction — good on shallow, open surfaces
ScallopConstant stepover along the surface, so steep and shallow areas get the same treatment
3D ContourLevel passes at constant Z — good on steep walls, poor on flats
Spiral / Radial / Morphed SpiralCircular forms, following the shape rather than a grid
HorizontalLevel regions
PencilRuns along internal corners, cleaning what a bigger cutter left
RampDescends gradually rather than plunging
Blend / Morph / FlowFollows the surface's own flow between boundaries you choose
ProjectProjects a path onto the surface
3D TraceFollows a curve across the shape

The usual mistake

Parallel on a steep wall. Parallel sweeps in one direction at a fixed spacing measured across the part. Where the surface is steep, those evenly-spaced lines land far apart on the material, and the finish is dramatically worse than on the flats.

Scallop measures the spacing along the surface instead, which is why it holds a consistent finish on a shape that has both.

Combining them

A good result is usually two or three operations: rough it out, finish it, then clean the corners with something smaller.